• Officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
• Located on the northern coast of South America, covering 912,050 km2 with a population of approximately 31.8 million in 2025.
• Capital city is Caracas, bordering the Caribbean Sea, Colombia, Brazil, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago.

• Colonized by Spain in 1522; independence declared in 1811.
• Separated as a sovereign nation in 1830, faced political turmoil throughout the 19th century.
• Transitioned to democratic governments post-1958 during a period of economic prosperity.
• Economic crises in the 1980s and 1990s led to civil unrest and political instability.
• Hugo Chávez elected in 1998; initiated the Bolivarian Revolution and a new constitution in 1999.

• Chávez's policies initially reduced poverty but led to increased poverty by 2014.
• Major political unrest followed disputed elections in 2013, 2018, 2024, with opposition leaders facing arrests.
• In 2026, U.S. forces overthrew Nicolás Maduro, installing Vice President Delcy Rodríguez as acting president.
• Venezuela now functions as a U.S. puppet state, facing hyperinflation, shortages, and widespread human rights abuses.

List of newspapers published in Venezuela.