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Geography and Population
- Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is in North America.
- Northern boundary with the USA; southeast borders with Guatemala and Belize.
- Maritime boundaries with the Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico.
- Covers 1,972,550 km²; 13th largest country globally.
- Over 134 million people as of 2026; 10th most populous country.
- Mexico City is the capital and largest city.
Historical Overview
- Human presence dates back to at least 11,500 BC, with advanced societies like the Olmecs and Maya.
- Spanish colonization began in 1521, creating the colony of New Spain.
- Significant economic center during the Age of Discovery due to silver mining.
- The Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821) led to the establishment of the First Mexican Empire.
- After the Mexican-American War (1848), Mexico lost nearly half its territory.
- The Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) resulted in the 1917 Constitution.
Government and Economy
- Mexico is a federal republic with a presidential system, divided into three branches.
- The economy is the 15th largest globally by nominal GDP and is newly industrialized.
- It has the highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Americas.
- Major tourist destination with 42.2 million arrivals in 2022.
Current Issues
- Faces poverty, systemic corruption, and crime, with ongoing drug conflict leading to 127,000 deaths since 2006.
- Member of various international organizations including the UN and G20.