• Officially the Republic of Chile, located in western South America
• Southernmost country, bordering Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Drake Passage
• Population of 18.5 million (2024), area of 756,102 sq km
• Capital: Santiago; official language: Spanish
• Administers Pacific islands and claims part of Antarctica

• Colonized by Spain in the mid-16th century, defeating Inca rule
• Declared independence in 1818; stable authoritarian republic from 1830s
• Gained territory in the War of the Pacific (1879-83) by defeating Peru and Bolivia

• 20th-century democratization; economic growth from copper mining
• Political turmoil led to a coup in 1973, establishing Pinochet's dictatorship
• Dictatorship ended in 1990, followed by center-left rule until 2010

• High-income economy, known for stability and sustainability
• Founding member of the UN, CELAC, and Pacific Alliance; joined OECD in 2010

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