• Officially the Republic of Peru, located in western South America
• Bordered by Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, and the Pacific Ocean
• Has diverse habitats: coastal plains, Andes mountains, and Amazon rainforest
• Population exceeds 32 million; capital is Lima
• The 19th largest country globally and the third largest in South America

• Home to ancient cultures, including the Caral–Supe civilization
• Succeeded by Nazca, Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, Kingdom of Cusco, and the Inca Empire
• Spanish Empire conquered Peru in the 16th century
• National University of San Marcos established in 1551, first in the Americas

• Proclaimed independence in 1821; completed in 1824
• Experienced political instability and economic fluctuations over the years
• 1990s neoliberal shift under Alberto Fujimori, impacting governance
• 2000s saw economic growth, but recent unrest linked to political crises and COVID-19

• Representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions
• Main economies: mining, manufacturing, agriculture, and fishing
• Rich cultural diversity with Spanish being the main language
• Internationally recognized for gastronomy, particularly in Lima, a culinary capital

List of newspapers published in Peru.