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Geography
- New Zealand is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
- It has two main islands: North Island and South Island, plus over 700 smaller islands.
- The country features diverse landscapes, including the Southern Alps.
History
- Human settlement began around 1280-1350 with Polynesians, leading to Māori culture.
- Dutch explorer Abel Tasman first sighted New Zealand in 1642; Captain James Cook mapped it in 1769.
- The Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1840, marking British sovereignty and colonization.
- New Zealand became a dominion in 1907 and gained full independence in 1947.
Demographics and Culture
- Population is about 5.3 million, primarily of European descent; Māori are the largest minority.
- Culture has Māori and British roots, evolving with increased immigration.
- Official languages include English, Māori, and New Zealand Sign Language.
Economy and Governance
- New Zealand is a developed country with a free-trade economy; major sectors include services and agriculture.
- It has a unicameral Parliament and a prime minister, currently Christopher Luxon.
- The Realm of New Zealand includes various territories, highlighting its broader governance structure.