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Geography and Demographics
- Sweden is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula.
- It borders Norway, Finland, and has a maritime border with Denmark.
- Area: 450,295 square km; Population: 10.6 million; Capital: Stockholm.
- 88% of the population lives in urban areas, with a low density of 25.5 inhabitants per sq km.
- The climate varies due to the country's length from 55°N to 69°N.
Historical Background
- Inhabited since 12,000 BC; unified state established in the late 10th century.
- Joined the Kalmar Union in 1397, left in 1523.
- Expanded during the Thirty Years' War, forming the Swedish Empire.
- Lost territories to Russia in 1809 and ended the last war in 1814.
Government and Economy
- A highly developed constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.
- Ranked 5th in Human Development Index, with a strong welfare system.
- Joined EU in 1995, NATO in 2024, and participates in many international organizations.