• Sudan is located in Northeast Africa, bordered by several countries.
• Population is approximately 51.8 million as of 2025.
• Capital city is Khartoum; it is Africa's third-largest country by area.

• Early cultures include Khormusan and Qadan, with significant historical events like the war of Jebel Sahaba.
• By the 14th-15th centuries, Arab nomads settled much of Sudan.
• Dominated by various powers including the Egyptian and Funj Sultanate from 16th-19th centuries.

• In the 19th century, Egypt conquered Sudan under Muhammad Ali.
• The Mahdist Uprising challenged this rule but was suppressed by Egyptian-British forces.
• Sudan gained independence on January 1, 1956, post-Egyptian revolution.

• Gaafar Nimeiry's Islamist rule worsened divisions, leading to civil wars.
• South Sudan became independent in 2011 after years of conflict.
• From 1989 to 2019, Omar al-Bashir's regime faced protests and human rights abuses.

• Ongoing conflict since 2023 with a civil war between SAF and RSF.
• Transitioned to a secular state in 2020 after applying Sharia law since 1983.
• Sudan is a least developed country with high poverty rates and reliance on agriculture.
• Member of various international organizations.

List of newspapers published in Sudan.