• Iraq is located in West Asia, bordered by several countries including Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Iran, and Syria.
• The country covers 438,317 square kilometers with over 46 million people.
• Baghdad is the capital and largest city with over 8 million residents.

• Fertile plains between Tigris and Euphrates rivers led to early civilizations like Sumer and Babylonia.
• Known as the cradle of civilization, Mesopotamia saw significant innovations in various fields.
• After the Arab conquest, Iraq became a cultural hub during the Abbasid Caliphate.
• Iraq suffered from invasions, particularly the Mongols in 1258 and later Ottoman rule.

• Gained independence in 1932 after World War I.
• Experienced changes in governance: from a monarchy to a republic after a 1958 coup.
• The Ba'ath Party, led by Saddam Hussein, ruled with conflict during the Iran-Iraq War and the Gulf War.
• U.S. invasion in 2003 led to instability, and the fight against the Islamic State occurred from 2013 to 2017.

• Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic and an emerging middle power with diverse ethnicities and religions.
• Arabic and Kurdish are the official languages, with a strong oil and gas industry.
• Ongoing reconstruction efforts are underway.

List of Top Newspapers published in Iraq.